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This volume provides a more exhaustive interpretation of René Descartes' medical views and its reception in the seventeenth century. Filling the gap in the recent scholarship, the contributions in the volume follow four axes: exegetical, textual, philosophical, and contextual. Authors in this book deal with Descartes' physiology, anatomy, and therapy by reconstructing Cartesian texts, detailing possible medical and philosophical sources, discussing medical collaborations and oppositions, and exploring obscurities and failures in Descartes' medicine. In laying bare the more promising issues of Cartesian programme and discussing the reception and opposition in the seventeenth century, the volume also uncovers the limitations within his interpretation, ultimately revealing a more nuanced application of his methodology to a field of natural philosophy. While medical studies play a not secondary role in Descartes' entire work, the volume aims to discuss in detail the importance of medicine as a suitable field to understand Cartesian philosophy from a significant perspective in seventeenth-century Europe.

Philosophy of Enlightenment --- Mouvement des Lumières. --- History of Medicine --- Médecine --- Histoire. --- Descartes, René,

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"L'Incroyable histoire d'un chirurgien hors normes. Né sous Louis XII, mort sous Henri IV, Ambroise Paré est une légende de la chirurgie française. Simple barbier parti de rien, il vit sur le champ de bataille, opère à tour de bras les blessés par armes à feu, crée des instruments, ligature les artères et devient chirurgien du roi. Franc, râleur, frondeur, français jusque dans son arrogance, sympathisant protestant en pleine guerre de religion, il conteste les livres de ses aînés et de ses pairs, ignore le latin que prône la Faculté et respecte la Bible. Au roi Charles IX qui, au moment d'être opéré lui demandait de le soigner avec plus d'attention que les gueux, on prétend qu'il répondit : " C'est impossible, Sire ! Je soigne les gueux comme des rois ! "

Surgery --- Medicine --- General Surgery --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- History of Medicine --- History --- history --- Paré, Ambroise, --- France

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Since 1945, medical advancements and demographic change have fundamentally altered the end of life. Florian Greiner traces the different responses in East and West: the emergence of hospice movements and palliative medicine, the fight for assisted dying, and churches’ search for religious meaning. His pioneering study starts with the experiences of World War II and ends with the reunified Federal Republic. Tod und Sterben entwickelten sich in der Zeitgeschichte zu zentralen gesellschaftlichen Konfliktthemen. Wo war der beste Ort zum Sterben? Wie lange sollte das Leben mit Hilfe der modernen Medizin verlängert werden? Was brauchte der Mensch für einen „guten Tod"? Und durfte über ein vermeintliches Tabuthema überhaupt gesprochen werden? Die Pionierstudie von Florian Greiner untersucht erstmals die Auseinandersetzungen um das Lebensende in beiden deutschen Staaten und der wiedervereinten Bundesrepublik. Greiner zeigt, wie sehr das Sterben nach 1945 zum Gegenstand religiöser, politischer und ökonomischer Deutungskämpfe wurde. Kirchen, Pharmaindustrie, Gesundheitspolitik, Medizin, Sozialwissenschaften, Massenmedien und neue zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen wie die Hospiz- und Sterbehilfebewegung stritten über das Lebensende. Mittels vieler zuvor unerschlossener Quellen aus staatlichen, kirchlichen und privaten Archiven zeigt Greiner, wie die „Entdeckung des Sterbens" das Selbstverständnis moderner Gesellschaften prägte – und wie sehr die Erfahrungen unserer Gegenwart dadurch beeinflusst werden.

Death. --- German-German contemporary history. --- history of healthcare. --- history of medicine. --- hospice history.

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Tells the story of how long-standing notions about the body as dominated by spirit-like humors were transformed into scientific descriptions of its solid tissues. This book shows how debates over investigative methods and models of body order influence biomedicine and the broader culture.

Medicine --- Human body (Philosophy) --- Health Workforce --- Body, Human (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Philosophy. --- History --- Philosophy, Medical --- History of Medicine, 17th Cent. --- history.

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This volume explores the history of epidemiology from the mid-twentieth century to the present. Epidemiology has exerted major influence on the way that both infectious and chronic diseases are conceptualized and controlled, and, more generally, on the way that people in modern societies think about health, behavior, longevity, and risk. This collection consists of a series of in-depth analyses of the roots, development, and impact of epidemiological research, illuminating the complex relationship between medical research and data on the one hand, and social and cultural factors on the other. The thematical and geographical scope of the book ranges from indigenous and participant perspectives to the visualization of pandemics, and from Circumpolar North to East Africa. The book identifies significant historical changes and the driving forces behind them, charting forms of science-society interaction that characterize modern epidemiology. Chapter 1 and chapter 4 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Heini Hakosalo is a Senior Research Fellow in the History of Sciences and Ideas at the University of Oulu, Finland. She specializes in the history of medicine and health and has published on the histories of brain sciences, medical education, tuberculosis, birth cohort studies, and the relationship between urban planning and epidemics. She is the co-editor of In Pursuit of Healthy Environments: Lessons from Historical Cases on the Environment-Health Nexus (2021). Katariina Parhi works as a Post-doctoral Researcher at the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in the History of Experiences at Tampere University, Finland. Her publications deal with the history of psychiatry, social control, and cohort studies, and include two Finnish-language books on the history of psychopathy and history of drug treatment systems, respectively. Annukka Sailo is a Post-doctoral Researcher in the History of Sciences and Ideas at the University of Oulu, Finland. She has studied the history of post-war social and behavioral sciences, focusing on US debates on territorial aggression, and is currently researching the connection between urban planning and epidemiology in history.

Science—History. --- Medicine—History. --- Europe—History. --- History, Modern. --- History of Science. --- History of Medicine. --- European History. --- Modern History. --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- World history